9 tasks of leadership by Gardner

Some 20 years ago, John Gardner outlined nine “Tasks of Leadership” in an essay that is still highly relevant today

According to Gardner, the nine tasks of leadership are:

1. Envisioning goals
2. Affirming values
3. Motivating
4. Managing
5. Achieving a workable level of unity
6. Explaining
7. Serving as a symbol
8. Representing the group externally
9. Renewing

Want to read the entire paper? Leadership Papers/2, March 1986, sponsored by Independent Sector. Available at: http://www.pkal.org/documents/Vol4TasksOfLeadership.cfm